鸡毒霉形体人工感染肉用仔鸡后呼吸系统的病理形态学观察

７日龄健康肉用仔鸡气囊接种鸡毒霉形体（ＭＧ）ＨＳ２心株,３～５ｄ后出现典型的ＭＧ感染症状,其呼吸系统（主要为气管、肺及气囊）发生一系列病理组织学变化。采集感染鸡及对照鸡的气管经固定、脱水、临界点干燥、镀金后置于扫描电镜下观察,可见感染鸡气管粘膜明显水肿,纤毛部分或全部脱落等,而对照组鸡气管则无任何病变;光镜下可见感染鸡的气管粘膜水肿增厚１～２倍,粘膜下层单核白细胞聚集,其间有数量不等的淋巴细胞集团,粘液细胞减少或消失;气囊粘膜水肿增厚,有淋巴细胞增生而形成的串珠样结构;肺组织中有淋巴细胞增生形成的结节病灶,而对照鸡呼吸系统的组织切片在光镜下无任何异常变化。     

vWFⅢ基因座扩增片段长度多态性及其法医学应用

研究短串联重复vWⅢ基因应扩增片段长度多态性及其法医学意义。应用STR－PCR分型法对200名中国辽宁汉族无关个体的短串联重复VWFⅢ的多态性进行调查。共检出8个等位基因,频率分布在0．003～0．333,基因长度范围为154～182bP,个人识别能力为0．921,非父排除率为0．581。群体调查证实该基因座符合Hardy－Weinberg平衡,家系调查结果表明其遗传符合孟德尔方式。该基因座可作为人类群体遗传学的一个有价值的多态性标记,可用于法医学个人识别及亲子鉴定。     

实验性脑挫伤GFAP,PCNA免疫组织化学研究

采用改进的Ｆｅｅｎｅｙ氏落体打击致Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠脑挫伤模型,利用免疫组织化学染色,观察大鼠实验性脑挫伤后ＧＦＡＰ、ＰＣＮＡ的改变,用图像分析仪对免疫组化染色阳性细胞灰度和面积进行测量,ＳＡＳ统计软件分析,得出脑挫伤后ＧＦＡＰ、ＰＣＮＡ变化的时间规律性,为脑挫伤形成时间推断提供新的手段。ＧＦＡＰ阳性细胞面积和灰度伤后呈上升趋势,伤后３ｈ,即有显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０１）,至４天时,阳性细胞灰度,面积达到峰值（Ｐ＜０．０１）,伤后７天仍保持较高水平（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＰＣＮＡ阳性细胞伤后１２ｈ出现,灰度呈上升趋势,面积呈下降趋势,伤后３天时达到最大值（Ｐ＜０．０１）。因此,ＧＦＡＰ、ＰＣＮＡ免疫组织化学染色阳性细胞的数量,灰度,面积改变有时间性规律;推断２～７天的脑挫伤则以ＧＦＡＰ、ＰＣＮＡ改变为主;脑挫伤后星形胶质细胞数目增多,只有很少一部分为星形胶质细胞增殖而来,且这种增殖在伤后３天时达到高峰     

The Proper Purpose Rule as a Constraint on Directors’ Autonomy – Eclairs Group Limited v JKX Oil & Gas plc

The recent case of Eclairs Group Limited v JKX Oil & Gas plc highlights the pressures faced by company directors in change of control situations, in which they may be tempted to take action to prevent or discourage such change. The Supreme Court decision provides important clarity on the scope of the proper purpose rule in these (and other) situations. We explore the implications of different judicial interpretations of the proper purpose rule for the autonomy of directors in their decision‐making. We do this by focusing on the scope of the proper purpose rule, whether a subjective or objective test is employed in the application of the rule and the test for causation where a director is motivated by mixed purposes.     

The killer outfit and timing: Impact of the fabric and time in body fluid identification and DNA profiling

The present work aimed to study the detection, through lateral flow immunochromatographic (LFI) tests, of saliva samples over time in three different types of fabrics, as well as, the possibility of DNA isolation and characterization from the sample tubes and the cassettes. Fifty microliters of saliva (three samples/time) were deposited in denim, cotton, and polyester. Saliva was identified by SERATEC® Amylase Test and the Crime Scene version SALIVA CS, being able to detect it up to six months of deposition, although with different band intensities. Polyester showed stronger bands than cotton, probably due to its synthetic nature, and denim, as an inked fabric, showed less band intensities. Statistical analyses confirmed significant differences among fabrics, but not over time in the same type of fabric. Total DNA from the sample tubes was successfully recovered, in contrast, from the cassettes, only polyester retrieved amplifiable DNA. These findings indicated that it is possible to recover and identify saliva up to six months after deposition, also obtaining DNA. Future research will be able to expand these results, analyzing the stability of other body fluids, and the sensitivity of lateral flow immunochromatographic tests to detect them.     

The Genealogy of Colonial Plunder and Erasure – Israel's Control over Palestinian Archives

The essay discusses one characteristic of colonial archives – how the ruling state plunders/loots the colonized’ archives and treasures and controls them in its colonial archives - erasing them from the public sphere by repressive means, censors and restricts their exposure and use, alters their original identity, regulates their contents and subjugates them to colonizer’s laws, rules and terminology. It focuses on two archives plundered by Israel in Beirut in 1980s: the Palestine Research Center and archive of Palestinian films. The essay continues my earlier research on Palestinian visual (and other) archives taken as booty or looted by pre-state Jewish military organizations and soldiers or civilians in the first half of the twentieth century, especially during the Nakba (the Palestinian catastrophe, 1948), and later by Israel’s military bodies. It analyzes the plunder itself while focusing on the power relations reflected toward the hybrid gazes of the colonizer and the colonized and discusses colonial features of military archives holding and controlling seized materials. While colonial museums have been largely discussed, and also archives holding colonial history, this is one of the first essays to discuss features of colonial archives holding plundered archives/material.     

Investigation of 74 microhaplotypes for kinship testing in US populations

Microhaplotypes are markers that consist of haplotype blocks of SNPs, which can be analyzed by massively parallel sequencing technologies. These allow determining the haplotype phase at every locus by clonal sequencing each DNA strand. MHs are polymorphic loci with same size alleles, no stutter, and lower mutation rate than STRs. They can provide the same power of discrimination of STR-kits, thus useful for mixture deconvolution, but more accurate ancestry prediction than STRs. In this study we investigated the potential of a recently developed 74plex-MH panel for kinship testing using the Familias software.Samples from families of four major US population groups were collected and genotyped using the 74plex-MH panel. MH allele frequency data from 347 individuals were imported into Familias software along with STR allele frequency data of 29 loci (NIST dataset) from 1036 individuals. Different family scenarios were tested and these included unrelated vs parent-child, unrelated vs full siblings, unrelated vs half siblings, unrelated vs cousin pairs. The prediction of the kinship relation for the four populations of interest was reported as Log10 of the likelihood ratio (LR).Overall, the panel of 74MHs and 29STRs showed similar performance in predicting the correct kinship scenarios tested. Correct prediction was reported for parent-child, full siblings, and half sibling scenarios, but not for the cousin pairs scenario. The panel of 74 MHs showed larger Log10LR values than the 29 STR-assay, thus demonstrating the effectiveness of this biomarker as a tool for kinship testing in addition to mixture deconvolution and ancestry prediction.     

Participant or Spectator? Victim‐Focused Political Activity since 2010

The public significance of the victim has shifted over successive governments. Each party, when in power, has utilised and politicised the victim to support its policy and legislative agenda. However, on the whole, this attention has been reserved for those who are victims of serious crime (such as murder, sexual violence and domestic abuse) and not volume offences (such as burglary, criminal damage, theft). Recent years have seen the inquiry rising in popularity, a ‘quick political fix’ to satisfy victims—and the public—that action on societal ills is being taken. However, in so doing, successive governments have, perhaps inadvertently, tended to replicate the ‘hierarchy of victimisation’ that is witnessed in frontline criminal justice activities. This has the result of affording victims only a spectator role when policy and legislative changes are being developed in their name. By contrast, the actions taken in developing expert and practitioner‐led policy around victim experience have proved to be more ‘successful’ in generating lasting change. This article suggests that there is no single ‘right’ approach to involving victims in policy development, but that each particular incident or situation needs consideration as how most ‘effectively’ to involve first‐hand victim experience.     

Applying frame analysis and reframing for integrated conservation and development: example from Mumbai

The way we frame a given problem structures the content that is brought into focus and thus the kinds of practical steps seen as necessary to alleviate it. This article interrogates two competing partial framings implicated in ongoing controversy over mangrove destruction in Vikhroli East, Mumbai, which have precluded integrated conservation and development. The article analyses the content of each particular framing, identifies their respective “blind spots”, and evaluates the validity of various frame components. It concludes with an exemplary alternative reframing arguably more conducive to social justice and sustainability in Vikhroli East and beyond.     

Does plot size matter? Evidence from maize production in Babati District,Tanzania

Debates about optimal farm structure and size have a long history in agricultural economics. Agricultural and development economists argue for an inverse relationship between farm size and productivity, but debates around this remain inconclusive. This article provides a case from maize production in Babati District, Tanzania. The efficiency level of 122 sampled smallholder farmers was estimated and found to be 62.3%, suggesting 37.7% of inefficiencies. A U-shape relationship between plot size and efficiency scores was found. There was high efficiency at plots <2?ha, compared to 2?ha and 3?ha, followed by efficiency at plots >4?ha. Policies stimulating small- and large-scale farms in the country are imperative.